Blue toruses = 36 protons
Red toruses = 18 nuclear electrons
Atomic number of Ar36 = protons (36) - nuclear electrons (18) = (18)
Atomic number of Ar40 = protons (40) - nuclear electrons (22) = (18)
The central rod of Ar36 analogous with Carbon 12 (stable) nucleus. Ar36 = C12 + 6 He4 alpha particles
The central rod of Ar38i analogous with Carbon 14 (half life = 5700 y) nucleus. Ar38i = C14 + 6 He4 alpha particles
The nucleus of Ar40 builds up by 4T+14D, stable. No way for ring.
Structure of nuclei of elements
Torus model of photon and atoms
Nuclear properties
| Ar36 | Ar38i | Ar40 |
| H | He | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne |
| Na | Mg | Si | S | Ar | Ca | Fe | Ni | Nd | Pb |
