Blue toruses = 16 protons
Red toruses = 8 nuclear electrons
Atomic number of O (8) = protons (16) - nuclear electrons (8)
Click on image for Oxygen 16 larger image
Photon model of light
J.Lucas, O16 nucleus model
Nuclear properties
O12 | O13 | O14 | O15 | O16 | O17 | O18 | O19 |
H | He | Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne |
Na | Mg | Si | S | Ar | Ca | Fe | Ni | Nd | Pb |
The oxygen 16 isotope has a highly symmetric stable nucleus, saturated with binding electrons, natural abundance 99.762 %. A principal product of stellar evolution.